There is no simple way to find a test or its related literature, so it will be necessary to check several different resources. These include directories, textbooks, and databases. For assistance in using a resource, please ask the library staff at the Information Desk.

The resources described may be used for three main purposes:

• Obtain the actual test instrument
• Locate literature discussing the application, validity, and reliability of a particular test
• Find out what tests are available to measure a specific behavior or phenomenon

Advanced research methodology: an annotated guide to sources. R. Barker Bausell. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1991.
Ref 2 ZH62 B28 1991

Assessment scales in old age psychiatry. Alistair Burns, Brian Lawlor, Sarah Craig. Malden, Mass.: Distributed in the United States by Blackwell Science, 1999.
Ref 16 RC473 P78 +B876 1999

The Bech, Hamilton, and Zung Scales for mood disorders: screening and listening: a twenty years update with references to DSM-IV and ICD-10. Per Bech. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
Ref 16 RC537 B378 1995

The Behavioral outcomes and guidelines sourcebook: a progress report and resource guide on mental health and substance abuse management. Washington, DC: Faulkner & Gray's Healthcare Information Center, 1995-
Ref 16 RA790.6 +B44 2001

Child health assessment: a handbook of measurement techniques. James R. Rodrigue, Gary R. Geffken, Randi M. Streisand. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2000.
Ref 16 RJ50 R625 2000

Compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms, and commentary. 2nd ed. Otfried Spreen, Esther Strauss. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Ref 16 RC386.6 N48 S67 1998

Comprehensive, annotated bibliography of selected psychological tests: interpersonal checklist, MMPI short forms, the Blacky pictures. Earl S. Taulbee and Thomas L. Clark. Troy, NY: Whitston Pub. Co., 1982.
Ref 2 ZBF176 T38 1982

Directory of unpublished experimental mental measures, volumes 1-7. Bert A. Goldman Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1996 -
Ref 16 BF431 +G624

Gender roles: a handbook of text and measures. Carole A. Beere. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Ref 16 HM253 B43 1990

Handbook of assessment methods for eating behaviors and weight-related problems: measures, theory, and research. David B. Allison, ed. London: Sage Publications, 1995.
Ref 16 RC552 E18 H357 1995

Handbook of psychiatric measures. American Psychiatric Association, Task Force for the Handbook of Psychiatric Measures. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000
Ref 16 RC473 P78 +A46 2000

Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children: intelligence and achievement. Cecil R. Reynolds, Randy W. Kamphaus, editors. New York: Guilford Press, 1990.
Ref 16 BF722 H33 1990 1

Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children: personality behavior and context. Cecil R. Reynolds, Randy W. Kamphaus, editors. New York: Guilford Press, 1990.
Ref 16 BF722 H33 1990 2

An Introduction to psychological tests and scales. Kate Miriam Loewenthal. Philadelphia; Psychology Press, 2001.
Ref 16 BF176 L64 2001

Measuring Disease: a review of disease-specific quality of life measurement scales. Ann Bowling. Philadelphia; Open University Press, 2001.
Ref 16 RA407 B68 2001

Measurement tools in patient education. Barbara K. Redman, editor. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1998.
Ref 16 R727.4 M43 1998

Measures for clinical practice: a sourcebook. 2nd ed. Joel Fischer New York: Maxwell Macmillan International . 1994 Vol 1: Couples, Families and Children; Vol. 2: Adults
Ref 16 BF176 C66 2000

Measures of family functioning for research and practice. Kathleen J. Sawin, Marcia P. Harrigan ; Pierre Woog, editor. New York : Springer Pub. Co., c1995. Measures of need and outcome for primary health care. David Wilkin, Lesley Hallam, and Marie-Anne Doggett. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Ref 16 RA407 W55 1993

Measuring health : a guide to rating scales and questionnaires. Ian McDowell, Claire Newell. 2nd ed. New York : Oxford University Press, 1996.
Ref 16 RA408.5 M38 1996

Mental health outcome measures. Graman Thornicroft, Michele Tansella, eds. New York: Springer, 1996.
Ref 16 RA790.5 M45 1996

Mental measurements yearbook. 14th edition. Highland Park, N.J.: The Mental Measurements Yearbook, 2001.
Ref 16 BF431 M4 2001

MMPI-2: assessing personality and psychopathology. 3rd ed., John R. Graham. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Ref 16 RC473 M5 G73 2000

Personality tests and reviews II: a monograph consisting of the personality sections of the seventh Mental Measurements Yearbook (1972) and Tests in Print II (1974). Oscar Krisen Buros, editor. Highland Park, N.J.: Gryphon Press, 1975
Ref 16 BF431 M42 1975

Personality tests and reviews: including an index to The Mental Measurements Yearbook. Oscar Krisen Buros, editor. Highland Park, N.J.: Gryphon Press, 1970.
Ref 16 BF431 M42 1970

Practitioner's guide to developmental and psychological testing. Glen Aylward P. New York: Plenum Medical, 1994.
Ref 16 RJ503.5 A94 1994

Rating scales in mental health. Martha Sajatovi, Luis F. Ramirez. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, 2001.
Ref 16 RC473 P78 S24 2001

Sex and gender issues: a handbook of tests and measures. Carole A. Beere. New York: Greenwood, 1990.
Ref 16 BF692 B38 1990

Source book of geriatric assessment (Evaluations en gerontologie. English). Liliane Israel, Djordje Kozarevic, Norman Sartorius. New York: Karger, 1984.
Ref 16 RC451.4 A5 +I87 1984 1+2

Sourcebook of adult assessment strategies. Nicola S. Schutte and John M. Malouff. New York : Plenum Press, c1995.
Ref 16 RC473 P78 S38 1995

Tests: a comprehensive reference for assessments in psychology, education, and business. 4th edition. Taddy Maddox, general editor. Austin, Tex.: Pro-Ed, 1997.
Ref 16 BF176 T43 1997

Tests and measurements in child development: handbook II. Orval G. Johnson. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1976.
Ref 16 BF722 J632 1976 1 + 2

Tests in print V: an index to tests, test reviews, and the literature on specific tests. Linda L. Murphy, Jane Close Conoley, James C. Impara, eds. Lincoln, Neb.: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1999.
Ref 16 LB3051 T47 1999

Search ORBIS (Library Catalog) under the following suggested subject headings:

psychological tests
education tests and measurements
intelligence tests
neuropsychological tests
personality assessment
personality tests
psychodiagnosis
achievement tests

Consider searching by keyword to cross a subject topic with keywords for tests, such as test?, measurement?, assessment? (? is the truncation/wildcard symbol in ORBIS). For example, to locate books on measuring aging, you would do the following search:

aging and (test? or measurement? or assessment?)

Use keyword searching for the name of a test in order to find books written about a specific test, especially an established, widely used test. For example, to search for books on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory you would do the followi ng search:

(minnesota multiphasic personality inventory) or mmpi

Orbis (Library Catalog)
Orbis (the library catalog) allows you to locate books and journal titles available in the Medical Library and other Yale libraries. Books and journals are cataloged under both Library of Congress (LSCH) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).

The journal literature will often contain articles that discuss the application and validity of specific tests. The actual instruments or scales are sometimes included as part of the article, or, a contact person and address may be given. There are sev eral databases (both electronic and print formats) that may be searched to create a bibliography on a particular test or to locate a test on a topic.

Computerized versions of the periodical indexes are a powerful tool for searching the literature. The computer allows you to combine topics easily and rapidly as well as search for words or phrases in the titles and abstracts of journal articles effici ently.

To Find a Specific Test
Search for the name of a particular test as a keyword or textword search to find the name in the article title or abstract. Search all the variations in the test's name such as acronyms versus the full name, e.g., MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality I nventory. Also consider searching by the name of the test creator as an author search to find articles s/he may have written about the test.

To Find Tests on a Subject
Create a search on the subject area of interest, then narrow the search down to articles on tests by crossing the topic with the list of terms below that describe the concept of 'tests'. The test terms may be searched either as subjects or textwords/keywo rds, depending upon the particular index.

Test Term Synonyms
test or tests
pretest or pretests
subtest or subtests
posttest or posttests
inventory or inventories
survey or surveys
scale or scales
measure or measures or measurement or measurements
questionnaire or questionnaires
rating or ratings

Example
To find literature discussing scales to measure anxiety attacks, do a subject search for "anxiety". Create a search for the "test" terms. Then, cross the two topics with the Boolean AND.

1. anxiety or panic
2. scale or scales or rating or ratings
3. 1 and 2

Databases are available from the Library's website (http://www.med.yale.edu/library) on the sidebar under Major Resources.

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
CINAHL is the major bibliographic database for the English-language journals in nursing and allied health fields. 1200 journals are selectively or comprehensively indexed. Publications of the American Nurses' Association and the National League for Nursing are included as well as books in nursing and allied health fields, which include physical therapy, respiratory therapy, cardiopulmonary technology, medical and laboratory technology, occupational therapy, radiologic technology, social services in health care, emergency services, medical records, health sciences librarianship, medical assisting, the physician's assistant, surgical technology, and health education.

Tips for Searching CINAHL